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Alexander of Aphrodisias
Alexander of Aphrodisias (; fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria, and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the ''Prior Analytics'', ''Topics'', ''Meteorology'', ''Sense and Sensibilia'', and ''Metaphysics''. Several original treatises also survive, and include a work ''On Fate'', in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity; and one ''On the Soul''. His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the commentator" ().
==Life and career==
Alexander was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria〔A. Chaniotis, 'Epigraphic evidence for the philosopher Alexander of Aphrodisias', in ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'', ISSN 0076-0730, v.47 (2004) pp. 79-81〕 and came to Athens towards the end of the 2nd century. He was a student of the two Stoic,〔J.P. Lynch, ''Aristotle's School'', Berkeley, 1972, p. 215. See Sosigenes the Peripatetic.〕 or possibly Peripatetic, philosophers Sosigenes〔See Alexander's Comm. in Arist. ''Meteor.'', p. 143.13 Hayduck (), Themistius, Paraphr. in Arist. ''de Anima'', p. 61.23 Heinze, Ps.-Ammonius, Comm. in Arist. ''Anal. Pr.'' p. 39.24 Wallies, and Philoponus, Comm. in Arist. ''Anal. Pr.'', p. 126.20-23 Wallies.〕 and Herminus,〔Simplicius, Comm. in Arist. ''de Caelo'', p. 430.32 Heiberg, quoting Alexander: , "I heard from Herminus, as was said among Aspasius' students..."〕 and perhaps of Aristotle of Mytilene.〔Pierre Thillet, in his 1984 Budé edition of ''On Fate'', has argued against Moraux's identification (''Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jahrhundert n. Chr.'', vol. 2, 1984) of Aristotle of Mytilene as Alexander's teacher, pointing out that the text that has been taken to mean this (''On Fate'', ''mantissa'', (p. 110.4 Bruns ), ) could refer instead to Alexander's learning from the texts of Aristotle the Stagirite. See R.W. Sharples, ''Classical Review'', n.s., 36 (1986), (p. 33 ). Cyril of Alexandria, ''Against Julian'' 2.38, may name Aristocles of Messene, but the text edited by Burguière and Évieux (''Sources Chrétiennes'' 322, 1985) reads .〕 At Athens he became head of the Peripatetic school and lectured on Peripatetic philosophy. Alexander's dedication of ''On Fate'' to Septimius Severus and Caracalla, in gratitude for his position at Athens, indicates a date between 198 and 209. A recently published inscription from Aphrodisias confirms that he was head of one of the Schools at Athens and gives his full name as Titus Aurelius Alexander.〔 His full nomenclature shows that his grandfather or other ancestor was probably given Roman citizenship by the emperor Antoninus Pius, while proconsul of Asia. The inscription honours his father, also called Alexander and also a philosopher. This fact makes it plausible that some of the suspect works that form part of Alexander's corpus should be ascribed to his father.〔R. Sharples, 'Implications of the new Alexander of Aphrodisias inscription', in ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies '' 48 (2005) pp. 47-56.〕
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